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Diagnosis of intra-thoracic tuberculosis (ITTB) in children is difficult due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, the challenge in collecting appropriate specimens, and the low sensitivity of smear microscopy and culture. Culture and Xpert MTB/RIF provide higher diagnostic yield in presumptive TB in adults than in children. Current study was designed to understand poor yield of diagnostic assays in children. Children with presumptive ITTB were subjected to gastric aspirates and induced sputum twice. Samples were tested by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Xpert MTB/RIF-assay, and MGIT-960 culture. Subjects were grouped as Confirmed, Unconfirmed, and Unlikely TB, and classified as progressive primary disease (PPD, lung parenchymal lesion), and primary pulmonary complex (PPC, hilar lymphadenopathy) on chest X-ray. Of children with culture-positive TB 51/394 (12.9%), culture-negative TB 305 (77.4%), and unlikely TB 38 (9.6%), 9 (2.3%) were smear positive, while 95 (24.1%) were Xpert-MTB/RIF positive. Xpert-MTB/RIF detected 40/51 culture confirmed cases (sensitivity 78.4% and NPV 96.3%). Culture was positive in more children presenting as PPD (p < 0.04). In culture-negative TB group, Xpert positivity was seen in 31% of those with PPD and 11.9% in those with PPC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Xpert-MTB/RIF improved diagnosis by 2-fold and increased detection of MDR-TB. Both liquid culture and Xpert-MTB/RIF gave higher yield in children with lung parenchymal lesions. Children with hilar lymphadenopathy without active lung parenchymal lesions had poor diagnostic yield even with sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests, due to paucibacillary/localized disease, suggesting possible utility of invasively collected samples in early diagnosis and treatment.
triglyceride kit

Diagnosis of intra-thoracic tuberculosis (ITTB) in children is difficult due to the paucibacillary nature of...

BRD4 inhibition promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in NSCLC
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BRD4 inhibition promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in NSCLC

igg1k, A Retrospective Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Drug Survival of Secukinumab in Plaque Psoriasis Patients in China
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A Retrospective Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Drug Survival of Secukinumab in Plaque...

Prediction of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Using Machine Learning Algorithms in SWAT, Pakistan
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Prediction of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Using Machine Learning Algorithms in SWAT, Pakistan

Analyze the SUMOylation of IKK γ/NEMO During Genotoxic Stress
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Analyze the SUMOylation of IKK γ/NEMO During Genotoxic Stress

complement fixation testing, Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019
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Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019

Barriers in access to services and information gaps by genders and key populations in the national Tuberculosis programme in Cambodia
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Barriers in access to services and information gaps by genders and key populations in the...

triglyceride kit

Targeted mass spectrometry for monitoring of neural differentiation

magnetic beads antibody, Analytical methods of antibody surface coverage and orientation on bio-functionalized magnetic beads: application to immunocapture of TNF-α
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Analytical methods of antibody surface coverage and orientation on bio-functionalized magnetic beads: application to immunocapture...

Pan-methylarginine antibody generation using PEG linked GAR motifs as antigens
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Pan-methylarginine antibody generation using PEG linked GAR motifs as antigens

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Genome operob chasecm mycobacterium smegmatis Capilia Tauns
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