Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic parasite that causes infection in a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The main aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the recombinant SAG1 antigen (rSAG1) for T. gondii–IgG screening through the Human Toxo IgG ELISA Kit (K).
The rSAG1 was expressed in E. coli (DE3), and it was purified through metal-affinity chromatography. The rSAG1 was confirmed by immunoblotting, and it had a band on 35 kDa. Total of 400 human sera were tested by LAT and K. One hundred and twenty-two (30.5%) sera were found positive by LAT and eighty-nine (22.25%) sera were found positive by K. Out of 400 samples, 80 were selected to evaluate the performance of K through commercial Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA Kit (C).
Out of 80 human sera, 55 (68.75%) were found positive, 25 (31.25%) were found negative by K and C, respectively. The cut-off value for K was 0.398 and it was calculated through the receiver operator characteristic curve. The ELISA plates were coated at optimized concentration of rSAG1 = 0.125 µg/mL, and the test was performed by diluting the sera at 1:50.
The sensitivity and specificity of K were observed to be 98.5% and 100%, respectively. The six sera (K–L+) were found positive through LAT and these human sera were later evaluated by Western blot analysis. These sera did not produce a band equivalent to 35 kDa on WB analysis thus, LAT produced false-positive results.

Human Toxocariasis in individuals with blood disorders and cancer patients: the first seroepidemiological study in Iran

Toxocara is one of the most prevalent nematodes in Iran, which infect humans as an intermediate host. Infection complications result from the larva migration. Human toxocariasis prevalence was various in Iran according to the area of study and population. This study was designed to evaluate the seropositivity of Toxocara IgG in patients with blood disorders and cancer patients in southwest Iran. Moreover, the study of the associated risk factors for this infection.
A total of 1122 serum samples, from February 8, 2019 to August 21, 2019, including 600 healthy individuals and 522 individuals with cancer and blood disorders patients were collected. Serum samples were collected for detection of Toxocara IgG by using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Sociodemographic data of all participants were collected and examined to determine their association with the infection.
Out of 101 individuals with white blood cell disorders (5.94%), red blood cell disorders (7.48%) and cancer patients (11.06%) were seropositive for Toxocara IgG antibodies. The infection rate among all study population revealed that (10.76%) were positive for Toxocara IgG. This study showed the fundamental role of contact with pets and infection in groups with blood cell disorders (P-value ≤ 0.05%); while in cancer patients the association wasn’t significant. Other factors such as age, location of residence, and sex showed that the association with this infection wasn’t significant.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Salmonella in Hunted Wild Boars from Two Different Regions in Switzerland

Toxoplasma gondii and Salmonella are zoonotic foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Salmonella antibodies in wild boars in two different regions in Switzerland. During the hunting season of 2020, a total of 126 diaphragm muscle samples of hunted wild boars were collected and the meat juice of these samples was analysed for pathogen-specific IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
The overall seroprevalences were 35% for T. gondii and 17% for Salmonella, respectively. In general, seropositivity increased with the age of the animals. Seroprevalences of T. gondii were similar for animals from the northern region (29%) to those from the southern region (36.8%), indicating that T. gondii is widespread in the sylvestrian environment.
By contrast, Salmonella seropositivity was remarkably higher in wild boars from the north (52%) compared with those from the south (5.3%). The high occurrence of Salmonella may represent a risk of transmission to compatriot domestic animals such free-range farmed pigs as well as to humans. Further, meat of hunted wild boars may present a source of human toxoplasmosis or salmonellosis.
Development of Human Toxo IgG ELISA Kit, and False-Positivity of Latex Agglutination Test for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Survey of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild boar in the Republic of Korea

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by Dabie bandavirus that belongs to the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae and order Bunyavirales and is transmitted by hard ticks. It has been detected in several tick species, various animals, and humans.
The purpose of this study was to detect SFTS virus (SFTSV) antigen and antibody in wild boar in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A total of 768 sera samples were collected from wild boar in the ROK between January and December 2019. Viral RNA was extracted from sera using viral RNA extraction kit, and one-step RT-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the S segment of the SFTSV. The sequencing data were analyzed using Chromas and aligned using Clustal X.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method using MEGA7. In addition, wild boar sera were tested for IgG antibodies against SFTSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Of a total of 768 sera samples, 40 (5.2%) were positive for SFTSV by RT-PCR targeting the S segment.
Two hundred twenty-one (28.8%) and 159 (20.7%) of 768 sera samples were seropositive by ELISA and IFA, respectively. Based on both ELISA and IFA tests of the same samples, 110 (14.3%) wild boar sera samples were positive for SFTSV antibodies. Of a total of 40 positive serum samples by RT-PCR, 33 (82.5%) and 7 (17.5%) sera were classified as the genotype B-3 and D, respectively, by sequence analysis,. These results provide useful information that demonstrates the detection of antigen and antibody in wild boar sera samples for every month of a certain year throughout the ROK.

Evidence of Hantavirus circulation among municipal street sweepers, southwest of Iran

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonosis pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. Rodents spread the virus via their excretions. The outbreak of Hantaviruses pose a significant public health problem.
The epidemiology and history of Hantaviruses in Iran is not clear and regardless of the data from the few available studies, little is known about its epidemiology in this country. Herein, we discuss the prevalence of IgG antibody against Hantavirus serotypes in 385 street sweepers from southwest of Iran. Serum samples were investigated, using Hantavirus Pool 1 “Eurasia” IgG kit and Pool 2 “America” ELISA IgG kit (Euroimmun, Germany) to detect IgG antibodies against Old and New World Hantaviruses.

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The results showed a specific IgG antibody in two samples (0.5%). Both of seropositive cases had specific IgG antibody against Old World Hantaviruses. The data of the current study along with the previous data, indicate the circulation of Hantaviruses in Iran. Hence, the risk of Hantavirus infection in high-risk groups should be considered as a serious health issue.

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