Development of Human Toxo IgG ELISA Kit, and False-Positivity of Latex Agglutination Test for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Toxocara is one of the most prevalent nematodes in Iran, which infect humans as an intermediate host. Infection complications result from the larva migration. Human toxocariasis prevalence was various in Iran according to the area of study and population. This study was designed to evaluate the seropositivity of Toxocara IgG in patients with blood disorders and cancer patients in southwest Iran. Moreover, the study of the associated risk factors for this infection.

A total of 1122 serum samples, from February 8, 2019 to August 21, 2019, including 600 healthy individuals and 522 individuals with cancer and blood disorders patients were collected. Serum samples were collected for detection of Toxocara IgG by using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Sociodemographic data of all participants were collected and examined to determine their association with the infection.

Out of 101 individuals with white blood cell disorders (5.94%), red blood cell disorders (7.48%) and cancer patients (11.06%) were seropositive for Toxocara IgG antibodies. The infection rate among all study population revealed that (10.76%) were positive for Toxocara IgG. This study showed the fundamental role of contact with pets and infection in groups with blood cell disorders (P-value ≤ 0.05%); while in cancer patients the association wasn’t significant. Other factors such as age, location of residence, and sex showed that the association with this infection wasn’t significant.

Toxoplasma gondii and Salmonella are zoonotic foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Salmonella antibodies in wild boars in two different regions in Switzerland. During the hunting season of 2020, a total of 126 diaphragm muscle samples of hunted wild boars were collected and the meat juice of these samples was analysed for pathogen-specific IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

The overall seroprevalences were 35% for T. gondii and 17% for Salmonella, respectively. In general, seropositivity increased with the age of the animals. Seroprevalences of T. gondii were similar for animals from the northern region (29%) to those from the southern region (36.8%), indicating that T. gondii is widespread in the sylvestrian environment.

By contrast, Salmonella seropositivity was remarkably higher in wild boars from the north (52%) compared with those from the south (5.3%). The high occurrence of Salmonella may represent a risk of transmission to compatriot domestic animals such free-range farmed pigs as well as to humans. Further, meat of hunted wild boars may present a source of human toxoplasmosis or salmonellosis.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by Dabie bandavirus that belongs to the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae and order Bunyavirales and is transmitted by hard ticks. It has been detected in several tick species, various animals, and humans.

The purpose of this study was to detect SFTS virus (SFTSV) antigen and antibody in wild boar in the Republic of Korea (ROK). A total of 768 sera samples were collected from wild boar in the ROK between January and December 2019. Viral RNA was extracted from sera using viral RNA extraction kit, and one-step RT-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the S segment of the SFTSV. The sequencing data were analyzed using Chromas and aligned using Clustal X.

The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method using MEGA7. In addition, wild boar sera were tested for IgG antibodies against SFTSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Of a total of 768 sera samples, 40 (5.2%) were positive for SFTSV by RT-PCR targeting the S segment.

Two hundred twenty-one (28.8%) and 159 (20.7%) of 768 sera samples were seropositive by ELISA and IFA, respectively. Based on both ELISA and IFA tests of the same samples, 110 (14.3%) wild boar sera samples were positive for SFTSV antibodies. Of a total of 40 positive serum samples by RT-PCR, 33 (82.5%) and 7 (17.5%) sera were classified as the genotype B-3 and D, respectively, by sequence analysis,. These results provide useful information that demonstrates the detection of antigen and antibody in wild boar sera samples for every month of a certain year throughout the ROK.

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonosis pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. Rodents spread the virus via their excretions. The outbreak of Hantaviruses pose a significant public health problem.

The epidemiology and history of Hantaviruses in Iran is not clear and regardless of the data from the few available studies, little is known about its epidemiology in this country. Herein, we discuss the prevalence of IgG antibody against Hantavirus serotypes in 385 street sweepers from southwest of Iran. Serum samples were investigated, using Hantavirus Pool 1 “Eurasia” IgG kit and Pool 2 “America” ELISA IgG kit (Euroimmun, Germany) to detect IgG antibodies against Old and New World Hantaviruses.

Human Leptospira IgG,Lep IgG ELISA Kit
201-12-1798	SunredBio	96 tests	EUR 528
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Human Leptospira IgG(Lep IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1814HM-48T	GenAsia Biotech	48T	EUR 346.8

Human Leptospira IgG(Lep IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1814HM-96T	GenAsia Biotech	96T	EUR 559.2

Human Leptospira IgG(Lep IgG)ELISA Kit
QY-E03346	Qayee Biotechnology	96T	EUR 433.2

Human Leptospira IgG,Lep IgG ELISA Kit
YLA2781HU-48T	Shanghai YL Biotech	48T	EUR 435

Human Leptospira IgG,Lep IgG ELISA Kit
YLA2781HU-96T	Shanghai YL Biotech	96T	EUR 562.5

Human measlesvirus IgG,MV IgG ELISA Kit
201-12-1773	SunredBio	96 tests	EUR 528
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Human measlesvirus IgG(MV IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1789HM-48T	GenAsia Biotech	48T	EUR 346.8

Human measlesvirus IgG(MV IgG)ELISA Kit
GA-E1789HM-96T	GenAsia Biotech	96T	EUR 559.2

Human measlesvirus IgG(MV IgG)ELISA Kit
QY-E02206	Qayee Biotechnology	96T	EUR 433.2

Human Sm IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA1705	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 828
Description: The ENA ELISA test systems are semi-quantitative immunoassay for the detection of IgG antibodies to Jo-1, Sm, Sm/RNP, SSA(Ro), SSB(La), and Scl-70 in human sera. When performed according to these instructions, the results of these assays may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune connective tissue disorders.

Human Sm IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA1707	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 928.8
Description: The ENA ELISA test systems are semi-quantitative immunoassay for the detection of IgG antibodies to Jo-1, Sm, Sm/RNP, SSA(Ro), SSB(La), and Scl-70 in human sera. When performed according to these instructions, the results of these assays may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune connective tissue disorders.

Human EB IgG ELISA Kit
EHE0013	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human IM IgG ELISA Kit
EHI0008	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human MP IgG ELISA Kit
EHM0032	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human Papillomavirus IgG (HPV IgG) ELISA Kit
abx052750-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 801.6

Human LPS IgG(lipopolysaccharide IgG) ELISA Kit
EH4142	FN Test	96T	EUR 628.92
Description: Method of detection: Indirect ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 0.938 ng/ml

Human lipopolysaccharide IgG(LPS IgG) ELISA Kit
YLA4332HU-48T	Shanghai YL Biotech	48T	EUR 435

Human lipopolysaccharide IgG(LPS IgG) ELISA Kit
YLA4332HU-96T	Shanghai YL Biotech	96T	EUR 562.5

Human Lipopolysaccharides IgG (LPS IgG) ELISA Kit
abx257276-96tests	Abbexa	96 tests	EUR 764.4

Human HDV IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA071	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 1026
Description: The Human HDV IgG ELISA Kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for qualitative determination of IgG antibodies to hepatitis D virus (HDV) in human serum or plasma.

Human ANA IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA1695	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 828
Description: The ANA ELISA test system is a qualitative screening assay designed to detect anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in human sera. When performed according to the enclosed instructions, this test system is capable of detecting all ANAs commonly tested for, such as those against double stranded DNA (dsDNA), Jo-1, Sm, Sm/RNP, SSA, SSB, and Scl-70. The test is also capable of detecting ANA demonstrating centromere, nucleolar, peripheral, and spindle indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) patterns.

Human ENA IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA1701	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 928.8
Description: The ENA Screen ELISA Test System is a qualitative screening assay designed to detect antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) in human sera. When performed according to the enclosed instructions, this test system is capable of detecting all anti-ENAs commonly tested for, such as those against Jo-1, Sm, Sm/RNP, SSA, SSB, and Scl-70.

Human CMV IgG ELISA Kit
DEIA2275	Creative Diagnostics	96T	EUR 446.4
Description: Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of IgG antibodies to Cytomegalovirus in Human Serum.

Human CPn IgG ELISA Kit
EHC0055	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human CBV IgG ELISA Kit
EHC0069	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human Cox IgG ELISA Kit
EHC0070	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human CMV IgG ELISA Kit
EHC0075	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human EB.VCA IgG ELISA Kit
EHE0021	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human HGV IgG ELISA Kit
EHG0013	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

Human HDV IgG ELISA Kit
EHH0023	Abclonal	96Tests	EUR 625.2

The results showed a specific IgG antibody in two samples (0.5%). Both of seropositive cases had specific IgG antibody against Old World Hantaviruses. The data of the current study along with the previous data, indicate the circulation of Hantaviruses in Iran. Hence, the risk of Hantavirus infection in high-risk groups should be considered as a serious health issue.