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Diagnosis of intra-thoracic tuberculosis (ITTB) in children is difficult due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, the challenge in collecting appropriate specimens, and the low sensitivity of smear microscopy and culture. Culture and Xpert MTB/RIF provide higher diagnostic yield in presumptive TB in adults than in children. Current study was designed to understand poor yield of diagnostic assays in children. Children with presumptive ITTB were subjected to gastric aspirates and induced sputum twice. Samples were tested by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Xpert MTB/RIF-assay, and MGIT-960 culture. Subjects were grouped as Confirmed, Unconfirmed, and Unlikely TB, and classified as progressive primary disease (PPD, lung parenchymal lesion), and primary pulmonary complex (PPC, hilar lymphadenopathy) on chest X-ray. Of children with culture-positive TB 51/394 (12.9%), culture-negative TB 305 (77.4%), and unlikely TB 38 (9.6%), 9 (2.3%) were smear positive, while 95 (24.1%) were Xpert-MTB/RIF positive. Xpert-MTB/RIF detected 40/51 culture confirmed cases (sensitivity 78.4% and NPV 96.3%). Culture was positive in more children presenting as PPD (p < 0.04). In culture-negative TB group, Xpert positivity was seen in 31% of those with PPD and 11.9% in those with PPC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Xpert-MTB/RIF improved diagnosis by 2-fold and increased detection of MDR-TB. Both liquid culture and Xpert-MTB/RIF gave higher yield in children with lung parenchymal lesions. Children with hilar lymphadenopathy without active lung parenchymal lesions had poor diagnostic yield even with sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests, due to paucibacillary/localized disease, suggesting possible utility of invasively collected samples in early diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis of intra-thoracic tuberculosis (ITTB) in children is difficult due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, the challenge in collecting appropriate specimens, and...

September 28, 2021
basal salt, Understanding the electrochemistry of "water-in-salt" electrolytes: basal plane highly ordered pyrolytic graphite as a model system

Understanding the electrochemistry of “water-in-salt” electrolytes: basal plane highly ordered pyrolytic graphite as a model system

November 16, 2021
A review of tuberculosis research in malaysia.
Ria Kits

A review of tuberculosis research in malaysia.

February 16, 2021
Inhibition Effect of Chloroquine and Integrin-Linked Kinase Knockdown on Translation in Melanoma Cells
Ria Kits

Inhibition Effect of Chloroquine and Integrin-Linked Kinase Knockdown on Translation in Melanoma Cells

October 5, 2021
igg1k, A Retrospective Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Drug Survival of Secukinumab in Plaque Psoriasis Patients in China
Ria Kits

A Retrospective Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Drug Survival of Secukinumab in Plaque...

November 16, 2021
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with bedaquiline: A case report in the particularly vulnerable tribal group of Madhya Pradesh, India
Ria Kits

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with bedaquiline: A case report in the particularly vulnerable tribal group...

September 25, 2021
Optimized protocol for high-titer lentivirus production and transduction of primary fibroblasts
Ria Kits

Optimized protocol for high-titer lentivirus production and transduction of primary fibroblasts

October 5, 2021
complement fixation testing, Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019
Ria Kits

Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019

November 16, 2021
TCA cycle remodeling drives proinflammatory signaling in humans with pulmonary tuberculosis
Ria Kits

TCA cycle remodeling drives proinflammatory signaling in humans with pulmonary tuberculosis

September 25, 2021
Additivity in effects of vitronectin and monoclonal antibodies against alpha-helix F of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 on its reactions with target proteinases.
Ria Kits

Additivity in effects of vitronectin and monoclonal antibodies against alpha-helix F of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1...

October 5, 2021
magnetic beads antibody, Analytical methods of antibody surface coverage and orientation on bio-functionalized magnetic beads: application to immunocapture of TNF-α
Ria Kits

Analytical methods of antibody surface coverage and orientation on bio-functionalized magnetic beads: application to immunocapture...

November 16, 2021
Effect of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on the Incidence of Tuberculosis among Seropositive Children Attending HIV/AIDS Care in Two General Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Ria Kits

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis sRNA F6 Modifies Expression of Essential Chaperonins, GroEL2 and GroES

September 25, 2021
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