Human multipotent neural stem cells may successfully be used for the remedy of quite a lot of neurological issues. Nonetheless, a defining signature of neural stem cell traces that may be expandable, non-tumorigenic, and differentiate into fascinating neuronal/glial phenotype after in vivo grafting shouldn’t be but outlined.
Using a mass spectrometry strategy, primarily based on chosen response monitoring, we examined a panel of well-described tradition circumstances, and measured ranges of protein markers routinely used to probe neural differentiation, i.e. POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, NES, DCX, TUBB3, MAP2, S100B, GFAP, GALC, and OLIG1.
Our multiplexed assay enabled us to concurrently determine the presence of pluripotent, multipotent, and lineage-committed neural cells, thus representing a robust instrument to optimize novel and extremely particular propagation and differentiation protocols.
The multiplexing capability of this methodology permits the addition of different newly recognized cell type-specific markers to additional improve the specificity and quantitative accuracy in detecting focused cell populations. Such an expandable assay could acquire the benefit over conventional antibody-based assays, and represents a way of selection for high quality management of neural stem cell traces meant for medical use.
Focused mass spectrometry for monitoring of neural differentiation
Human multipotent neural stem cells may successfully be used for the remedy of quite a lot of neurological issues. Nonetheless, a defining signature of neural stem cell traces that may be expandable, non-tumorigenic, and differentiate into fascinating neuronal/glial phenotype after in vivo grafting shouldn’t be but outlined.
Using a mass spectrometry strategy, primarily based on chosen response monitoring, we examined a panel of well-described tradition circumstances, and measured ranges of protein markers routinely used to probe neural differentiation, i.e. POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, NES, DCX, TUBB3, MAP2, S100B, GFAP, GALC, and OLIG1.
Our multiplexed assay enabled us to concurrently determine the presence of pluripotent, multipotent, and lineage-committed neural cells, thus representing a robust instrument to optimize novel and extremely particular propagation and differentiation protocols.
The multiplexing capability of this methodology permits the addition of different newly recognized cell type-specific markers to additional improve the specificity and quantitative accuracy in detecting focused cell populations. Such an expandable assay could acquire the benefit over conventional antibody-based assays, and represents a way of selection for high quality management of neural stem cell traces meant for medical use.
Pericytes Favor Oligodendrocyte Destiny Alternative in Grownup Neural Stem Cells.
A number of sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating illness of the central nervous system (CNS). Upon demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are activated and so they proliferate, migrate and differentiate into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. In addition to OPCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) could reply to demyelination and generate oligodendrocytes. We’ve got just lately proven that CNS-resident pericytes (PCs) reply to demyelination, proliferate and secrete Laminin alpha2 (Lama2) that, in flip, enhances OPC differentiation.
Right here, we aimed to judge whether or not PCs affect the destiny selection of NSCs in vitro, in direction of the manufacturing of latest myelin-producing cells. Certainly, upon publicity to conditioned medium derived from PCs (PC-CM), the vast majority of NSCs gave rise to GalC– and myelin fundamental protein (MBP)-expressing oligodendrocytes on the expense of the era of GFAP-positive astrocytes.
According to these findings, PC-CM induces a rise within the expression of the oligodendrocyte destiny determinant Olig2, whereas the expression stage of the astrocyte determinant ID2 is decreased. Lastly, pre-incubation of PC-CM with an anti-Lama2 antibody prevented the era of oligodendrocytes. Our findings point out that PCs-derived Lama2 instructs NSCs to an oligodendrocyte destiny selection favoring the era of myelin-producing cells on the expense of astrocytes in vitro. Additional research aiming to disclose the position of PCs throughout remyelination could pave the best way for the event of latest therapies for the remedy of MS.
Antibodies to protein however not glycolipid buildings are vital for host protection in opposition to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Antibody responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) correlate with pulmonary Mp clearance. Nonetheless, Mp-specific IgG antibodies can cross-react with the myelin glycolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and trigger neurologic issues. We assessed whether or not anti-glycolipid antibody formation is a part of the physiological immune response to Mp We present that antibodies in opposition to Mp-proteins and -glycolipids come up in serum of Mp-infected youngsters and mice.
Though antibodies to Mp-glycolipids had been primarily IgG, anti-GalC antibodies had been solely of IgM. B-1a cells, proven to assist in safety in opposition to pathogen-derived glycolipids, are missing in Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice. Mp-infected Btk-deficient mice developed Mp-specific IgG responses to Mp-proteins however to not Mp-glycolipids, together with GalC.
The equal restoration from Mp an infection in Btk-deficient as wild-type mice means that pulmonary Mp clearance is predominantly mediated by IgG reactive with Mp-proteins and that Mp-glycolipid-specific IgG or IgM shouldn’t be important. These knowledge will information growth of Mp-targeting vaccines avoiding induction of neurotoxic antibodies.
Molecular Mechanisms of Illness Pathogenesis Differ in Krabbe Illness Variants.
Krabbe illness is a extreme, deadly neurodegenerative dysfunction brought on by defects within the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The proper focusing on of GALC to the lysosome is important for the degradation of glycosphingolipids together with the first lipid part of myelin.
Over 100 totally different mutations have been recognized in GALC that trigger Krabbe illness however the mechanisms by which they trigger illness stay unclear. We’ve got generated monoclonal antibodies in opposition to full-length human GALC and used these to observe the trafficking and processing of GALC variants in cell-based assays and by immunofluorescence microscopy. Placing variations within the secretion, processing and endosomal focusing on of GALC variants permits the classification of those into distinct classes.
A subset of GALC variants are usually not secreted by cells, not proteolytically processed, and stay trapped within the ER; these are more likely to trigger illness because of protein misfolding and needs to be focused for pharmacological chaperone therapies. Different GALC variants will be appropriately secreted by cells and trigger illness because of catalytic defects within the enzyme lively web site, inappropriate post-translational modification or a possible incapacity to bind important cofactors. The classification of illness pathogenesis offered right here offers a molecular framework for applicable focusing on of future Krabbe illness therapies.
Anti-sulfatide/galactocerebroside antibodies in immunoglobulin M paraproteinemic neuropathies.
Anti-sulfatide antibodies have been noticed in heterogeneous neuropathies and their medical relevance continues to be controversial. Whether or not the mixture of sulfatide with galactocerebroside would improve sensitivity or specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing in comparison with sulfatide alone was assessed.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to sulfatides, galactocerebroside and mixed sulfatide and galactocerebroside (Sulf/GalC) had been measured in 229 neuropathy sufferers, together with 73 with IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy [62 with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibody] and 156 with different neuropathies.
anti- GALC antibody |
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| FNab03306 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 606.3 |
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Description: Antibody raised against GALC |
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anti- Galc antibody |
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| FNab03307 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 658.5 |
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Description: Antibody raised against Galc |
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anti- GALC antibody |
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| FNab03308 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 702 |
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Description: Antibody raised against GALC |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx135732 | Abbexa |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| abx233305-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 577.2 |
Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| abx233306-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 577.2 |
Galactosylceramidase (Galc) Antibody |
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| abx233307-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 610.8 |
Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| abx233308-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 661.2 |
Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx212064 | Abbexa |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx212065 | Abbexa |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx112660 | Abbexa |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx102023 | Abbexa |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody |
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| 20-abx102024 | Abbexa |
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GALC Conjugated Antibody |
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| C37586 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 476.4 |
Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Antibody (Biotin) |
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| 20-abx272394 | Abbexa |
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Polyclonal GALC Antibody (N-Term) |
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| AMM04676G | Leading Biology | 0.1ml | EUR 580.8 |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human GALC (N-Term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications: |
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Polyclonal GALC antibody - middle region |
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| AMM04677G | Leading Biology | 0.05mg | EUR 633.6 |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human GALC - middle region. This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications: |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat) |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC) |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human) |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC) |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), APC |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-APC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with APC. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), Cy3 |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-Cy3 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with Cy3. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), HRP |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-HRP | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with HRP. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), FITC |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-FITC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with FITC. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-APC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with APC. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Cy3 |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-Cy3 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with Cy3. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), HRP |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-HRP | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with HRP. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), FITC |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-FITC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with FITC. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), Biotinylated |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-Biotin | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with Biotin. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), Biotinylated |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-Biotin | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with Biotin. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), APC-Cy7 |
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| 4-PAG608Ra01-APC-Cy7 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7. |
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Galactosylceramidase (GALC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), APC-Cy7 |
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| 4-PAG608Hu01-APC-Cy7 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Galactosylceramidase (GALC). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7. |
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GALC Rabbit pAb |
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| A3873-100ul | Abclonal | 100 ul | EUR 369.6 |
GALC Rabbit pAb |
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| A3873-200ul | Abclonal | 200 ul | EUR 550.8 |
GALC Rabbit pAb |
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| A3873-20ul | Abclonal | 20 ul | EUR 219.6 |
GALC Rabbit pAb |
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| A3873-50ul | Abclonal | 50 ul | EUR 267.6 |
GALC Blocking Peptide |
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| 33R-5213 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 216 |
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Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of GALC antibody, catalog no. 70R-7164 |
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Galc Blocking Peptide |
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| DF12055-BP | Affbiotech | 1mg | EUR 234 |
Mouse Galactocerebrosidase (Galc) |
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| 1-CSB-CF009196MO | Cusabio |
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Description: Recombinant Mouse Galactocerebrosidase(Galc) expressed in in vitro E.coli expression system |
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Human Galactocerebrosidase (GALC) |
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| 1-CSB-YP009196HU | Cusabio |
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Description: Recombinant Human Galactocerebrosidase(GALC) expressed in Yeast |
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Recombinant Galactosylceramidase (GALC) |
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| 4-RPG608Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Recombinant Human Galactosylceramidase expressed in: E.coli |
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Recombinant Galactosylceramidase (GALC) |
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| 4-RPG608Ra01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Recombinant Rat Galactosylceramidase expressed in: E.coli |
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Human GALC ELISA Kit |
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| ELA-E15006h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 988.8 |
GALC ELISA KIT|Human |
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| EF005853 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 826.8 |
Outcomes from 27 sufferers with IgM monoclonal gammopathy with out neuropathy and 28 wholesome topics served as management.
Thirty-three sufferers confirmed elevated titers of anti-sulfatide antibodies, 28 of whom had an
